Economics and Management
with a Year in Industry
By gaining an understanding of economics, and developing leadership skills, you'll open up a range of rewarding careers.
By gaining an understanding of economics, and developing leadership skills, you'll open up a range of rewarding careers.
Think you've found the right course? We still have spots available through Clearing. Apply now to secure your place and join our dynamic and welcoming community at Kent this September.
Apply nowCombine the study of two core elements of business on our Economics and Management joint honours course. You'll gain the skills and knowledge essential for managing key areas of organisations and develop an understanding of economic processes and practices.
You'll discover how economists and business leaders think and learn how to use the tools that economists have developed in financial and money markets, enabling you to analyse real economic problems. Our degree is your first step to a wide range of careers, from accountancy and banking, to journalism and business.
Your year in industry takes places between your second and final year. This gives you the opportunity to apply your academic skills in a practical context and greatly enhances your CV. In previous years students have worked at:
Study in a supportive learning community, ranked 22nd for student satisfaction in The Complete University Guide 2023.
Join our student-led societies: Kent Invest (take part in a trading competition) and the Economics Society (attend their annual conference).
You'll gain invaluable experience, confidence and workplace skills and might even secure a job offer you can take up after graduation.
You'll learn from inspiring lecturers who advise UK, European and international organisations.
If you have an idea for a start-up, head to our ASPIRE centre, where we'll help you to develop your business idea.
Our typical offer levels are listed below and include indicative contextual offers. If you hold alternative qualifications just get in touch and we'll be glad to discuss these with you.
At Kent, you’re more than your grades. We look at each student’s circumstances as a whole before deciding whether to make an offer to study here. We also take this flexible approach when we receive your exam results.
Check our Clearing vacancy list or call us now +44 (0)1227 768896 to find out if we have a course that’s right for you. See our Clearing website for more details on how Clearing works at Kent.
This module listing is based on the current curriculum and may change year to year in response to new curriculum developments and innovation.
You take all compulsory modules and then either Mode A or Mode B from the list of optional modules depending on your existing level in Mathematics.
What are the best ways to manage people in organisations? How are decisions made about the design of work, the structure of an organisation, and who is accountable or responsible for different activities? What are the best ways to manage people in organisations? How are decisions made about the design of work, the structure of an organisation, and who is accountable or responsible for different activities? You'll understand the practices of contemporary organisations by looking at a wide range of different theories of management, starting with classical management perspectives like scientific management or human relations theory and then considering more contemporary issues like culture management and leadership styles. Using case studies, you’ll develop key skills like critical thinking and be able to reflect on the ethics and fairness of contemporary forms of work.
In today's interconnected world, businesses operate across borders, facing challenges and opportunities in a dynamic global environment. You'll develop expertise in the complexities of international business and acquire the skills to analyse the impact of globalisation, trade, investment, political systems, and ethics on business operations. You’ll understand the global business world and develop analytical skills to turn data into valuable information for business decisions and position yourself for success in international business.
Excel is a highly demanded skill by employers, in both starting your career and making rapid progress throughout it. You'll master the fundamentals of this powerful tool and also be introduced to some more advanced technologies that will give you an even greater edge in the workplace. Learn to think creatively through the application of analytics and Excel techniques to real world business problems.
The module is designed to teach students how to prepare, read and interpret financial information with a view to their being future business managers rather than accountants.
The module will begin with a brief demonstration of bookkeeping using an easy understandable approach. Students will be shown how to prepare financial statements from a trial balance and make adjustments to the figures given by acting on information given in a short scenario.
The regulatory framework of financial reporting will be considered with annual reports and accounts of a variety of organisations. The module will end with an analysis of financial statements with students shown how to interpret data and make sensible recommendations.
The module provides students with a thorough understanding of economics at an introductory level and provides the basis for all subsequent study that is taken on economics degree programmes. It is designed to teach students how to think as an economist and how to construct and use economic models. It also shows them how to be critical of economic models and how empirical evidence can be used in economic analysis.
The module explores how people make choices about what and how to produce and consume. It looks at the differences in economic outcomes between firms, people and countries and how they can be related to the effects of choices they, and others, make. It builds on the very simple and plausible assumption that people make decisions in their own interests and subject to constraints.
The first term covers the principles of microeconomics and shows how they can be applied to real-life situations and economic policy. The second term develops a framework for understanding macroeconomic events and macroeconomic policy. The emphasis throughout both terms is to demonstrate the usefulness of economics as an analytical tool for thinking about real world problems.
The module introduces students to a basic understanding of mathematics necessary for intermediate and advanced level modules (levels 5 and 6) taken in Stages 2 and 3. The module is designed for students who have A-Level mathematics or an equivalent qualification, or who meet the minimum entry standard. The module (or its equivalent for students without A-level mathematics) is compulsory for all Single and Joint Honours degree programmes in economics.
The module considers the following topics: linear equations, quadratic equations, multivariable functions; matrix algebra; differentiation; techniques of optimisation; constrained optimisation; non-linear functions and integration. These topics cover the important uses of mathematics in economics (and business) and are developed within a clear, contextual framework derived from first principles. Each topic is applied to a range of economic phenomena and problems and linked explicitly to the core Stage 1 economics module - ECON3040 Principles of Economics. Notably, the analytical and quantitative skills developed in the module are transferable across many different occupations.
This module introduces students to the basic concepts of probability and statistics, with applications to a variety of topics illustrated with real data. The techniques that are discussed can be used in their own right to solve simple problems, but also serve as an important foundation for later, more advanced, modules. Importantly, the module serves as a prerequisite for Stage 2 econometric modules ECON5800 and ECON5810.
The module commences with an overview of descriptive statistics. It then considers the key ideas in probability theory before moving on to statistical inference - the science of drawing conclusions from data. The main topics covered in the module include:
• Graphical and numerical analyses of data
• The principles of probability
• Probability Density Functions
• Sampling and its use in inference
• Regression and correlation
The module helps prepare students to acquire and develop the employability and transferable skills necessary to search and successfully apply for work experience, internships, placements for Year in Industry degrees and graduate opportunities in the commercial and public sector.
The curriculum introduces applications, CVs, careers advice, interview and assessment centre techniques, numeracy and competency tests, and psychometric evaluation at a level appropriate to students studying at Stage 1. These materials form the building blocks for related employability modules at subsequent stages of academic study.
The business press is awash with news of corporate scandals, market dominance and record-profits by corporate giants. How multinational corporations manage the entirety of their global business functions successfully and the ethical role and responsibilities of leaders in their positions are important questions for budding strategy students.
You'll learn how to use frameworks for analysing the strategic environment to inform effective strategy formulation and implementation. You'll become familiar with identifying strategic issues and developing strategic options to address them. Through a solid grounding of seminal readings and real-life case studies, you’ll develop an appreciation of strategy in different contexts and from different perspectives and understand the complexity of strategic decision-making.
In order to thrive, every organisation needs to achieve its objectives and strong operations management tactics are crucial. You'll jump into operations management, discovering how to transform company resources into outputs that deliver results. Through exploring systematic ways to manage operations, you’ll quickly level up your skills and gain the employability edge you need to launch a career in all types of businesses and organisations.
This module builds on the Stage 1 teaching of microeconomics to provide an intermediate course, which takes full account of the policy issues and controversies in the application and understanding of microeconomic issues. It introduces the fundamental theoretical foundations of microeconomics and provides examples of their application.
The module provides an analysis of the way in which the market system functions as a mechanism for coordinating the independent choices of individual economic agents. It addresses the behaviour and decision making of consumers and firms, and evaluates the efficiency and equity implications of competition and other market structures. The role of government in incentivising types of economic behaviour and addressing market failure is also explored.
This module builds on the Stage 1 teaching of macroeconomics to provide an intermediate course, which takes full account of the policy issues and controversies in the world macroeconomy.
Autumn Term considers the basic methodology of macroeconomic models and examines how macroeconomic theories of aggregate demand and aggregate supply are derived. It is important to be aware that there are many theories of aggregate demand and supply and that consideration of these theories involves studying the markets on which they are based. The Autumn Term develops and extends use of the IS-LM model to derive a theory of aggregate demand in both open and closed economies. It also scrutinises the labour market to derive a theory of aggregate supply and study the relationship between inflation and unemployment.
Spring term starts with studying the long-run, that is, what determines the standard of living of countries in the long term, as opposed to short-run economic fluctuations. It then considers microeconomic fundamentals of macroeconomics to understand in-depth the determinants of consumption, investment, and labour supply decisions. These considerations and the ideas developed in the autumn term are then used to extensively examine macroeconomic demand management policies (fiscal and monetary) and their shortcomings. Finally, we consider the role of the financial system in the macroeconomy and the causes behind some financial crises. Particular focus is given to the 2008/09 global financial crisis.
This module is compulsory for all students in the School of Economics planning to take a year in industry placement. The first part of the module consists of workshops, which include a talk on the placements and how to improve your CV and cover letters, followed by practical sessions with one-to-one guidance. There is a session on competency tests, and one interview techniques that includes mock interviews, and finally a question and answer session on getting a placement. For the rest of autumn and spring term students on this module are able to take advantage of a two-hour drop-in session each week, for one-to-one advice on their placement search.
The module helps prepare students to acquire and develop the employability and transferable skills necessary to search and successfully apply for work experience and graduate opportunities in the commercial and public sector and postgraduate study.
The curriculum builds on employability support offered at Stage 1 providing intermediate level knowledge and exercises in application writing, CVs, careers advice, interview and assessment centre techniques, numeracy and competency tests, and psychometric evaluation. The aims here are to support students in obtaining long internships across the Summer Vacation.
What are the challenges of managing people? Understand the key concepts, from planning and recruiting through to effective performance and reward management, employee relations and ethical treatment of staff. You'll have highly developed skills and increased awareness in effective management of yourself and others. This skill set is crucial as you progress in your career in HR management, and this module sets you up to thrive.
Business ethics and sustainability are central to contemporary management and thus this module will explore the following topics:
• History, definitions and timeline of society's view on business ethics and sustainability
• Cross-disciplinary approaches to ethics and sustainability
• Role of globalisation, policy and culture
• Ethics and ethical dilemmas
• Change Management, Values, Governance and Leadership
• Sustainable Business Models
• Social Innovation
• Partnerships and collaboration
• Responsible Supply Chain Management
• Environmental Assessment Frameworks and Sustainable Management in practice
• Sustainable Supply Chain Management
• Innovation and creativity
• The role and responses of Corporations, SMEs, Public and not-for-profit organisations
Project managers are in the driving seat of progress in every field, across every region of the world. Master the fundamental concepts of project management that form the backbone of any successful innovation, invention or business process improvement. You'll understand the tools and techniques required in the modern world to deliver successful projects, drive profits and build better business.
This module applies economic theory and statistical methods to the understanding and critical assessment of economic policy. It focuses on the policy application of economic concepts and provides an introduction to material that may be studied in greater depth at Stage 3. A key aspect of this module is the relationship to contemporary policy issues.
The module introduces students to a variety of microeconomic policy issues. Alongside formal lectures, workshops and seminars are designed to develop academic research skills and the ability to communicate ideas both verbally and in writing. This focus provides opportunities to develop a range of highly transferable skills and to develop as autonomous learners.
The module provides a starting point for understanding financial markets. It attempts to link models of money, banking and finance into one generic, or foundation, view and provides insight into what determines the set of equilibrium prices required to provide an appropriate level of savings in an economy to finance the expected level of expected activity. It considers how financial and economic innovations have evolved over time, and explores why and how it seems to be that when finance fails, so does the modern market economy.
Important considerations within the module include:
• How can we analyse the appearance of money in an economy?
• What is the link between money and finance?
• What explains bank runs?
• Can we explain the occurrence of financial crises?
The module introduces students to behavioural economics, which combines economic analysis with insights from psychology to understand human behaviour. It will start by briefly presenting the classical model of rational, selfish economic agents, outlining limitations of this model in predicting and explaining behaviour. Thereafter, it will introduce students to models which relax assumptions of the classical model, incorporating insights from psychology instead, and cover evidence on the power of these behavioural models in explaining human behaviour. Finally, it will cover the implications of these models for the design of public policy.
The quantitative estimation and evaluation of economic models is an essential feature of the study and application of economics. This module provides an introduction to econometric theory and the application of econometric techniques to economic models and data. This is achieved by explaining key economic and econometric issues using applications of econometrics that quantify and evaluate economic theory and which provide an empirical evaluation of economic behaviour and the assessment of economic policy.
The module provides both an analytical and practical introduction to econometric theory, equipping students with the analytical tools to carry out applied econometric work and to explore more advanced areas of econometric theory at later stages of their chosen degree programme. The practice and application of econometrics is achieved using both Microsoft Excel and specialist econometric software (e.g. Eviews &/or Stata).
The topics considered in the module include:
• Models and data; ordinary least squares (OLS), properties of OLS, simple and multiple linear regression, inference, confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, dummy variables, functional form, linear restrictions, diagnostic testing and basic panel data.
This module covers a variety of the mathematical methods and their application to economic theory. The module starts off with a review and extension of stage 1 calculus, including integration. We examine production functions, returns to scale and their relation to firm profits. The module then covers dynamic systems where students learn to solve second-order difference equations, and, in so doing, learn about complex numbers. We use this analysis to generate insights about monetary policy. Matrix algebra is explored and used to analyse multiple equation dynamic systems. We then cover more optimisation theory, using Lagrangians to solve problems with equality and inequality constraints. Building on matrix algebra, we use Hessians to examine when we have found a genuinely desired optimum. Some of the further economic ideas we analyse are efficiency wages and monopsony power in the labour market, the duality theory of cost minimisation, and consumer theory, including Roy's identity and Shephard's Lemma.
You can opt to take a year in industry with the Economics and Management joint honours programme, which contributes towards your final degree classification. The year in industry is taken between the second (Stage 2) and third years (Stage 3) of the degree. See Economics and Management with a Year in Industry for more details.
The placement must be with a suitable employer, but the reference to 'in industry' is intended to cover employers in any service sector as well as in manufacturing.
Students are responsible for finding their placements, but the School offers structured support for the application process in the form of a non-contributory module, 'Preparing for a Placement'.
Students must pass Stage 2 of their degree before they can embark on the year in industry.
The placement to which the module relates provides a structured opportunity to combine appropriate developmental work experience with academic study. The placement experience allows students to develop and reflect on managerial and / or professional practice in real and often complex situations, and to integrate this with the study of the relevant subject(s) of their main programme. Where relevant, they develop, reinforce and apply professional and / or technical expertise in an employment context.
To be able to undertake this module it is necessary for the student to secure a placement during Stage 2 (see 15.). The placement should be appropriate to the student's degree and experience. The length of the placement should normally be at least 44 weeks. It must be completed between the end of Summer Term of Stage 2 and the start of Autumn Term in Stage 3.
The particular combination of the student's degree programme and choice of modules together with the great variety of increasingly diverse placement situations make the "curriculum" of each placement essentially unique.
This module documents and assesses the evidence of placement learning being achieved (see 16.)
The Year in Industry to which the module relates provides a structured opportunity to combine appropriate developmental work experience or entrepreneurial activity with academic study. The Year in Industry experience allows students to develop and reflect on managerial and / or professional practice in real and often complex situations, and to integrate this with the study of the relevant subject(s) of their main programme. Where relevant, they develop, reinforce and apply professional and / or technical expertise in an employment or entrepreneurial context.
The ability to integrate this work-based learning with the modules of Stages 1, 2 and 3 is a high level cognitive task. The particular combination of the student's degree course and choice of modules together with the great variety of increasingly diverse Year in Industry situations make the "curriculum" of the Year in Industry essentially unique. The unifying features, with which the project for this module is concerned are integration of theory and practice, and the development of the student as an independent learner and reflective practitioner.
This background is why the report for the module has to be linked to the Year in Industry record of engagement. The assembly, content and organisation of this activity are assessed in ECON5580 Industry Assessment. This module assesses how effectively the student can use this to demonstrate integration of theory and practice, self-assessment of achieved learning and reflection on this.
The module helps prepare students to acquire and develop the employability and transferable skills necessary to search and successfully apply for work experience and graduate opportunities in the commercial and public sector and postgraduate study.
The curriculum builds on knowledge and experience gained in related employability modules delivered at Stages 1 and 2, providing further guidance and more advanced practical exercises in application writing, CVs, careers advice, interview and assessment centre techniques, numeracy and competency tests, and psychometric evaluation. The aims here are to support students during their final year in applying for good graduate jobs and MSc degree programmes.
This module is a one-term placement opportunity that allows you to teach aspects of your degree subject in a local school. Launched to coincide with Kent's 50th anniversary in 2015, it highlights the longstanding excellence of human and social science research and teaching at the University, and the important role the institution has in contributing to the local community.
If selected for this module you will spend approximately 6 hours in a Kent secondary school in the Spring term (this session excludes time to travel to and from the School, and preparation and debrief time with the teacher). Generally, you will begin by observing lessons taught by your designated teacher and possibly other teachers. Later you will act somewhat in the role of a teaching assistant by working with individual pupils or with a small group. You may take 'hotspots': brief sessions with the whole class where you explain a topic or talk about aspects of university life. Finally, you will progress to the role of "teacher" and will be expected to lead an entire lesson. Throughout the module you will be given guidance and support by a local convenor based in your academic school as well as the overall module convenor.
You will be required to keep a log of your activities and experiences at each session. You will also create resources to aid in the delivery of your subject area within the curriculum. Finally, you will devise a special final taught lesson in consultation with the teacher and with your local module convener. You must then implement and reflect on the lesson.
What are the challenges of managing people? Understand the key concepts, from planning and recruiting through to effective performance and reward management, employee relations and ethical treatment of staff. You'll have highly developed skills and increased awareness in effective management of yourself and others. This skill set is crucial as you progress in your career in HR management, and this module sets you up to thrive.
The law affects the commercial world in many ways. This module focuses on how businesses fulfil their legal obligations to customers, suppliers and their workforce. As well as exploring how businesses are structured and the duties on directors and partners it also considers the legal obligations individuals and organisations have over those to whom they have a duty of care. The module further covers the main laws governing the employment of staff and contractors. By applying the law to real-world business situations students are able to fine-tune their problem solving skills, and their ability to construct well-reasoned and persuasive arguments.
Indicative topics are:
The English Legal System, Legal Process, Dispute Resolution and the impact of European Union Law in the UK;
Law of Negligence – including general principles and negligent misstatement;
Law of Business Organisations - classification of business organisations; main principles applying to general and limited liability partnerships and registered companies, and directors' duties;
Employment Law - the general scope of the legal obligations owed by employers to employees, including the employment contract, discrimination and dismissal.
We are all consumers of services. But have you ever wondered how these services are delivered and how technology has changed service provision? You'll explore the fundamentals of service provision and the technology that drives service improvement. You'll be equipped to manage and improve service delivery developing an excellent understanding of how to use service management tools and techniques to drive improvements, making you a valuable asset to businesses and giving you a real edge in a competitive job market.
Marketing communications serve as the voice of a brand, a multifaceted dialogue that connects businesses with their audiences across various platforms and mediums. Examine how advertising fuses creativity and strategy to influence consumer behaviour and perceptions.
You'll engage with tools like social media and SEO to initiate interactive dialogues and nurture communities. Integrated marketing communications (IMC) ensure consistency across all channels, amplifying the resonance of each message. At the heart of our exploration are the ethics and sustainability practices that guide responsible marketing – respecting privacy, ensuring transparency and embracing sustainable practices that prioritise long-term well-being over short-term gains.
You’ll enhance your employability by blending practical, applied learning with key marketing concepts. By engaging directly with current advertising tools, digital platforms and real world case studies, you can apply your knowledge effectively in a professional setting. You’ll not only learn the theory but also how to execute strategies, navigate digital landscapes and uphold ethical standards practically. This hands-on approach, combined with insights into sustainability, prepares you to enter the workforce with the confidence and skills needed to excel in a dynamic industry.
The module aims to develop critical appreciation of the management activities and leadership skills required in dynamic organisations operating in both national and international contexts. Current theory and research on the role which appropriate leadership behaviours can play in improving managerial and organisational effectiveness is explored. In addition a core feature of the module is student engagement in a range of individual and group development activities and their subsequent self-reflection on their progress and ongoing development needs. In doing so the module aims to develop self-awareness and emotional intelligence in the practice of management, as well as promoting the importance of personal strategies relating to career management, and individual leadership behaviour.
Areas to be covered will include:
• Review of Management Activities and Roles: Planning and decision making, organising and resourcing, controlling and accountability including performance management responsibilities.
• Leadership v Management: Consideration of the differences in these roles within organisations.
• Development of Leadership Theories: From transactional to ethical, authentic and transformational leadership approaches and models of 'leaderful' practice.
• Strategic leadership: Business values, organisational culture(s) and business ethics.
• Leadership in Different Cultures: International perspectives on leadership behaviour and effectiveness; communicating across cultures.
• Managing Self: Self-concept; impression management, networking; organisational power and politics; career development strategies.
• Managing & Influencing Others: Emotional intelligence, assertiveness, ethical power and influence strategies, delegation, empowerment and trust.
• Managing & Leading Teams: Creating high performance teams; team roles; stages of group formation/team life cycle; team building.
In a changing interconnected world, how can managers explore the opportunities for international expansion? You'll master the theories and skills needed to analyse global business environments and identify opportunities in markets to expand companies and drive success. Your appreciation of theoretical insights and research in international business will be key for you to launch a successful, global career designing effective strategies to expand business internationally.
Embrace entrepreneurship to catapult your vision into reality in a fast-paced and ever-evolving business environment. This module centred on the dynamics of innovation in business, equips you with ideation and effective implementation skills crucial for both startups and established firms. You'll learn strategic planning and gain entrepreneurial skill development as you tackle business challenges innovatively and confidently. You’ll explore market analysis, team management, strategic decision-making, financial planning, investor relations and the creation of effective business models as you develop a comprehensive business plan. This module bridges the gap between ambition and reality, whether you plan to initiate a new venture or enhance an existing organisation.
What is entrepreneurship and what is its role in innovation and economic growth? You'll learn all about the theory of the firm, exploring how businesses operate and make decisions to maximise profits. You’ll also gain a thorough understanding of the issues and problems surrounding market structure and strategy, entrepreneurial growth and finance, and market innovation and expansion. Gain the skills and understand the practices needed for a firm to thrive in a fast-changing environment while dealing with economic uncertainty and complexity.
Profit planning is crucial in achieving sustainability and growth for business, especially in a global marketplace. In management, decisions have to be made daily, and financial controls are key to making them. By giving you the chance to apply financial controls to make a variety of short and long-term decisions and the opportunity to create a profit plan combining all the key considerations needed in business – you'll make rapid progress and gain crucial experience. This means when you step into your career, you’ll be ready to make a real impact and deliver results.
Managing your career is essential. You'll build an understanding of the type of employee that is valued in business today. This will help you create a work identity that will get you ahead as you build your career, through knowing how personal brand, fitness levels, and the hours you work inform this identity, as well as how you can stay authentic to your true self while responding to work demands. You’ll be able to create a work identity that enables you to fulfil your potential and take you to the very top of the organisations you work in.
This module extends students' knowledge and understanding of strategic management and strategic issues. It introduces a range of contemporary issues associated with the formulation and implementation of corporate and business strategies with an emphasis on identifying and implementing strategic change within the organisation, building dynamic capabilities and developing coherent strategies. Issues might include strategies in the face of uncertainty, global strategies, knowledge-based strategies, strategies where profit is of secondary (or no) importance.
Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) isn't just about aligning organisational goals with effective people management, it's about unlocking the full potential of both individuals and businesses. As you delve into the theories explaining practical people and organisational management issues, you'll embark on a journey of critical evaluation.
From understanding the strategic importance of human resource management to unravelling the complex links between strategic HRM and business strategy, you'll gain insights that go beyond textbooks. The module doesn't just stop at theory, it extends to practical applications and connects the dots between strategic HRM and organisational performance. You won't just possess theoretical knowledge, you'll be equipped with a toolkit of skills ready for navigating HRM in diverse contexts.
Businesses need to make decisions about everything, often at pace and always ensuring positive results. But making decisions can be difficult, which is why those that have the skills and confidence to make the right calls are valuable to business. You'll be able to take a structured and coherent approach to decision-making, involving a wide range of quantitative and graphical methods for representing and assessing alternatives to decide a best course of action. Leading companies across a wide range of sectors use decision analysis and you’ll understand how to apply it to a wide range of business situations, giving you the skill set you need to launch a successful career.
Business ethics and sustainability are central to contemporary management and thus this module will explore the following topics:
• History, definitions and timeline of society's view on business ethics and sustainability
• Cross-disciplinary approaches to ethics and sustainability
• Role of globalisation, policy and culture
• Ethics and ethical dilemmas
• Change Management, Values, Governance and Leadership
• Sustainable Business Models
• Social Innovation
• Partnerships and collaboration
• Responsible Supply Chain Management
• Environmental Assessment Frameworks and Sustainable Management in practice
• Sustainable Supply Chain Management
• Innovation and creativity
• The role and responses of Corporations, SMEs, Public and not-for-profit organisations
This module offers a comprehensive introduction to the area of cross-cultural management research. Based on a critical analysis of the assumptions underlying various approaches to studying national cultures, frameworks are applied to understand cross-cultural issues managers in international organisations may face. Indicative topics are:
• Management and culture
• Different approaches to cross-cultural management
• Cultural-frameworks and its application
• Roles of the global manager
• Global management challenges
With increasing globalisation, businesses have become more interconnected than ever, and managing businesses across borders is as vital for firms to thrive in a global market. You'll master the tools and skills needed to discover how firms can adapt their operations in different global markets. You’ll cover everything from effective human resource management and supply chain management to marketing and finance strategies. Your ability to identify international expansion opportunities will be crucial as you start your career and expand your own horizons and those of the business you work for.
Project managers are in the driving seat of progress in every field, across every region of the world. Master the fundamental concepts of project management that form the backbone of any successful innovation, invention or business process improvement. You'll understand the tools and techniques required in the modern world to deliver successful projects, drive profits and build better business.
Steven Bartlett said that "people are everything in business." But why do people matter so much at work and how do you keep staff motivated?
Applying cutting-edge research within psychology and behavioural science to business management and going beyond simply Human Research Management, you'll understand the skills you need to apply your new knowledge to organisations ensuring that you know how to manage people in an ethical and sustainable way.
Gain sought after skills in independently scoping, researching and reporting a problem as you develop a research project on a topic you want to explore. You'll get support from a series of workshops that cultivate key research skills like scoping a project, using databases to do secondary research, asking good interview or survey questions, coding data that you've collected, and reporting professionally on your findings. You'll be supported by a supervisor in your field, offering guidance as you shape and complete your project.
The aim of this module is to provide students with (1) a systematic understanding of how information technology is driving business innovation, (2) the methods and approaches used by managers to exploit new digital opportunities, and (3) an appreciation of the knowledge and skills needed to manage the business innovation. By the end of this module, students will be equipped with the necessary knowledge and tools to deal with current business issues including digital transformation and emerging business models via technological innovations.
The constant evolution of data intelligence and big data analysis means there has never been a higher demand for great data analysts, the kind you'll become at Kent Business School. You’ll learn how to use data analysis and computer programming techniques to get the crucial information and actions from data to drive results in business. Through your use of Python, you’ll make rapid progress towards mastering data visualisation and analysis skills, so you'll not only understand data, you’ll also be able to make other people understand it as well. Your ability to turn data into clear messaging for stakeholders will make you a key asset to any business.
This module applies economic theory and statistical methods to the understanding and critical assessment of economic policy. It focuses on the policy application of economic concepts and provides an introduction to material that may be studied in greater depth at Stage 3. A key aspect of this module is the relationship to contemporary policy issues.
The module introduces students to a variety of microeconomic policy issues. Alongside formal lectures, workshops and seminars are designed to develop academic research skills and the ability to communicate ideas both verbally and in writing. This focus provides opportunities to develop a range of highly transferable skills and to develop as autonomous learners.
The module provides a starting point for understanding financial markets. It attempts to link models of money, banking and finance into one generic, or foundation, view and provides insight into what determines the set of equilibrium prices required to provide an appropriate level of savings in an economy to finance the expected level of expected activity. It considers how financial and economic innovations have evolved over time, and explores why and how it seems to be that when finance fails, so does the modern market economy.
Important considerations within the module include:
• How can we analyse the appearance of money in an economy?
• What is the link between money and finance?
• What explains bank runs?
• Can we explain the occurrence of financial crises?
The module introduces students to behavioural economics, which combines economic analysis with insights from psychology to understand human behaviour. It will start by briefly presenting the classical model of rational, selfish economic agents, outlining limitations of this model in predicting and explaining behaviour. Thereafter, it will introduce students to models which relax assumptions of the classical model, incorporating insights from psychology instead, and cover evidence on the power of these behavioural models in explaining human behaviour. Finally, it will cover the implications of these models for the design of public policy.
Development Economics is a sub-field of economics that focuses on the unique problems of poor countries. In the course we will use economic analysis to understand the structure of poor economies and the behaviour of individuals within them. The goal is to better understand why the world looks the way that it does so that one can make more informed opinions and decisions about policies meant to improve global welfare. The topics considered in the module will include:
• The development gap in the world economy and the measurement of poverty
• Characteristics of underdevelopment and structural change
• Models of the growth and development process
• The role of agriculture and surplus labour in the development process
• Industrialisation
• Dualism and vicious circles of poverty
• Trade and Development
This module introduces students to applied econometrics using a general-purpose statistical software package (e.g., Stata or R), which is suitable for those intending to undertake postgraduate training in economics and/or becoming professional economists.
The module assumes a basic knowledge of statistics and quantitative methods and is designed for students who have followed Stage 1 modules in mathematics and statistics and who have taken relevant Stage 2 modules in econometrics.
What distinguishes this module is the adoption of the modern learning-by-doing approach to teaching econometrics, which emphasises the application of econometrics to real world problems. The focus is on understanding the theoretical aspects that are critical in applied work and the ability to correctly interpret empirical results.
This module presents a systematic and operational approach to the econometric modelling of economic time series, which gives an understanding of the techniques in practical, appropriate, analytical and rigorous manner. Econometric analysis is a core skill in modern economics.
The module gives an introduction to univariate time series analysis, dynamic econometric modelling and multiple time series, linking theory to empirical studies of the macroeconomy.
All topics are illustrated with a range of theoretical and applied exercises, which will be discussed in seminars and computer classes. As such, the module emphasises the development of practical skills in the use of software for empirical research, and introduces you to the research methods used by macroeconomists in academia, government departments, think tanks and financial institutions. It also helps you to prepare for the quantitative requirements of a master programme in economics.
The market for labour is the crucial mechanism that determines the distribution of income, work and opportunities. Macro factors such as globalisation, (im)migration, technological change and government policy will affect and be affected by the structure of labour markets. Rather than trying to cover the entirety of this very broad subject, the aim of this course is to focus on a few areas of topical interest and importance. We will examine the issues like the following:
1 The relationship between unemployment and wages
2 The impact of immigration on the resources of the lower skilled
3 The differences in pay and opportunities between men and women
4 Government policy towards skills and education
5 Executive pay
Throughout we attempt to integrate theoretical issues, empirical evidence and questions of policy, drawing on research covering a range of OECD countries.
The module provides an introduction to game theory and its use by economists as a professional tool for understanding and analysing economic decision making under uncertainty. The module introduces students to topical and important research areas of microeconomic analysis, and develops their skills in setting up and solving games that arise in business and economics.
The module introduces students to the field of Industrial Economics and studies why and how firms and industries behave and interact with each other. Understanding firms' behaviour is relevant not only to the firms but also to the governments that design industrial policies in order to favour consumers without decreasing firms' efficiency.
The module is designed for students who have taken intermediate microeconomics and addresses issues that are present in everyday news: anti-competitive practices, the effect of market power on consumer welfare, incentives for product innovation, and the private and public effects of mergers.
The module introduces students to the theoretical underpinnings that constitute international finance and the nature and extent of monetary and financial relations between countries.
The module introduces basic concepts of international macroeconomics such as the balance of payments and exchange rates, and arbitrage conditions. It then proceeds to analyse the impact of opening up the economy on the alternative macroeconomic policies available. The main factors that determine exchange rates between currencies, and the power of different models are also considered. Finally, the module explores 'hot topics' in international finance including the benefits and drawbacks of fixed and floating exchange rates, the concept of a speculative attack, current account imbalances from an inter-temporal perspective, and how world macroeconomic imbalances drove the 2008/09 international financial crisis and recent sovereign debt crisis in Europe.
The module has both a theoretical and an applied emphasis in order to apply available theories into the real problems of the world economy. It does not analyse the detailed workings of international financial markets or questions related to firm financial management in international capital markets but students interested in these aspects can acquire basic foundations that are fundamental in understanding the context in which firms and governments work.
The topics covered in the module include:
• Open economy macroeconomics and policy.
• Exchange rates determination theory and empirics.
• Microfounded models of the current account.
• International financial flows.
• International indebtedness.
• International financial crises
• International monetary arrangements.
This module provides students with an in-depth understanding of current issues and theoretical debates in international trade, together with their policy implications. It also provides the knowledge and skills necessary for interpreting related studies of countries at different levels of development.
International trade is a key issue on the world agenda and has considerable effects on countries' economies. The effects occur at the micro level of firms and households as well as at the macro level, where they are the subjects of government policy debates. International Trade takes advantage of the tools of economic analysis, which are common to other areas in economics, to study the issues raised by the economic interaction between sovereign states.
This module introduces students to monetary and macroeconomic issues from a theoretical perspective. The following topics are considered:
• Structural macro and monetary modelling
• Reduced form macro and monetary modelling
• Short-run analysis of the aggregate economy
• Long-run analysis of the aggregate economy
• Policy interventions.
The module focuses on the role of the government in the economy. It uses the tools of microeconomics and empirical analysis to study the impact of government policies on individual behaviour and the distribution of resources in the economy. The module explores the economic arguments for and against government intervention in the economy, also introducing insights from behavioural economics into the analysis and design of public policies.
This module provides an overview of the main instruments in financial markets, the motivation for trade in these assets and the pricing of these assets. Specifically, we show how the economics of uncertainty motivates trade in a wide range of financial assets. This helps us determine how the risk and maturity of different assets affects the demand for those assets.
First, the module introduces the key principles of asset pricing: discounting, diversification, arbitrage and hedging. Second, the module introduces and motivates the use of debt, equity and derivative instruments in financial markets. Third, the module applies the key principles of asset pricing to help understand the behaviour of prices across these asset classes. While different classes of assets expose their holders to different types of risks, the key principles of asset pricing are common to all asset classes. This concept is formalised by the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing.
While focusing on financial applications, the module does speak more widely to methodological challenges encountered when testing economic theories against data. These challenges are particularly relevant in financial economics. While the literature has developed a range of innovative techniques to more effectively test competing theories against the data, the answers to a number of key questions remain contested.
The module develops skills in asset pricing and an understanding of the theoretical basis of the theory behind it. The module requires knowledge of some mathematical techniques but stresses practical training in asset pricing with a focus on the intuitions and heuristics behind theorems and formulae, rather than their rigorous derivations and semantic definitions
There are three key topics; (i) investors' optimisation, (ii) discrete time models and (iii) option Greeks and option strategies. For (i), the module first introduces the basic financial economics, and, based on it, we establish the basis of the risk-neutral probability. For (ii), the module discusses how to construct the tree model based on the historical price data, and shows that the model can be used to find the fair prices of a wide range of financial derivatives. For (iii), the module investigates the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) formula, and then how to use it to find the optimal hedge ratio for delta hedging. In this respect, the module also discusses how to use the return correlations to find the optimal hedge ratio.
The module provides an alternative to students carrying out an economics research project in the dissertation module. Some students lack the necessary analytical, quantitative and research skills necessary for a piece of original research. This module will give such students the opportunity to investigate an area of economics in depth by critically reviewing the literature on a chosen subject.
Students will be given a set of questions with readings. They can also construct their own question so long as it is approved. Each student would write a different essay. Examples of questions are: what evidence exists on the success(es) of micro lending schemes? Can active labour market policies reduce long term unemployment? Can economists explain voting behaviour? Students are taught about what is required for an extended critical review of the literature and advised about what should be contained in an essay on their topic. They are also advised about how to present a poster session.
This module covers a variety of growth issues from both empirical and theoretical views. The first part of the course deals with basic concepts of economic growth, including how to measure growth and the core theories of economic growth. The second part deals with productivity; how to measure productivity and analyse different sources of productivity growth. The third part deals with economic fundamentals, including the relationship between government policies, income inequality, and growth.
The aim of the module is to teach the basic principles of economic growth in order to answer such questions as:
• what are the determinants of growth?
• how can we improve productivity?
• what kind of role does the government play on growth?
• why are there differences in the level of income among countries?
The quantitative estimation and evaluation of economic models is an essential feature of the study and application of economics. This module provides an introduction to econometric theory and the application of econometric techniques to economic models and data. This is achieved by explaining key economic and econometric issues using applications of econometrics that quantify and evaluate economic theory and which provide an empirical evaluation of economic behaviour and the assessment of economic policy.
The module provides both an analytical and practical introduction to econometric theory, equipping students with the analytical tools to carry out applied econometric work and to explore more advanced areas of econometric theory at later stages of their chosen degree programme. The practice and application of econometrics is achieved using both Microsoft Excel and specialist econometric software (e.g. Eviews &/or Stata).
The topics considered in the module include:
• Models and data; ordinary least squares (OLS), properties of OLS, simple and multiple linear regression, inference, confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, dummy variables, functional form, linear restrictions, diagnostic testing and basic panel data.
The module provides an analytical introduction to time-series econometrics and the challenges that present themselves with the analysis of time-series economic data. Traditional econometric techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) are poorly suited to the estimation of economic models or data which exhibit non-stationary processes. This module provides an introduction to econometric methods that are suitable for stationary and non-stationary time-series analyses.
The module is both analytical and practitioner based providing students with the knowledge, understanding, application and interpretation of time-series techniques using specialist econometric software. The module equips students with the analytical tools to carry out advanced time-series econometrics work at a later stage of their degree programme.
The topics considered in the module include:
• Stationary and non-stationary data; trend- and difference-stationary processes, stationary autoregressive models, multivariate stationary models, spurious regression, cointegration, ADF tests, forecasting.
This module covers a variety of the mathematical methods and their application to economic theory. The module starts off with a review and extension of stage 1 calculus, including integration. We examine production functions, returns to scale and their relation to firm profits. The module then covers dynamic systems where students learn to solve second-order difference equations, and, in so doing, learn about complex numbers. We use this analysis to generate insights about monetary policy. Matrix algebra is explored and used to analyse multiple equation dynamic systems. We then cover more optimisation theory, using Lagrangians to solve problems with equality and inequality constraints. Building on matrix algebra, we use Hessians to examine when we have found a genuinely desired optimum. Some of the further economic ideas we analyse are efficiency wages and monopsony power in the labour market, the duality theory of cost minimisation, and consumer theory, including Roy's identity and Shephard's Lemma.
This module introduces students into the application of machine learning techniques for the analysis of real-life economic problems. The module consists of two parts. The theoretical part teaches computational and machine learning techniques developed for economists. Here the students will develop theoretical knowledge to apply them correctly in various real-life economic problems as well as correctly and critically interpret the results of machine learning analysis. The application part of the module will demonstrate how economists apply these techniques, including causal inference, using practical examples and hands-on experience.
The module builds upon the Level 4 Programming for Artificial Intelligence (COMP3590), as well as Level 5 modules. Introduction to Econometrics (ECON5800) and Introduction to Time Series Econometrics (ECON5810)
All of our modules are taught by a combination of lectures and small group sessions, which include seminars, computing practicals, problem sets, debates and role-play games.
The School of Economics is committed to making sure that you leave Kent with much more than just a degree in Economics. We put great emphasis on the development of transferable skills, including numeracy, analytical problem solving, data analysis, and written and oral communication, as well as subject-specific skills for further study at postgraduate level.
The modules are assessed by a mixture of coursework and written examinations.
For a student studying full time, each academic year of the programme will comprise 1200 learning hours which include both direct contact hours and private study hours. The precise breakdown of hours will be subject dependent and will vary according to modules.
Methods of assessment will vary according to subject specialism and individual modules.
Please refer to the individual module details under Course Structure.
For programme aims and learning outcomes, please see the programme specification for each subject below. Please note that outcomes depend on your specific module selection:
Our Economics and Management graduates have excellent prospects, and we are committed to helping you achieve success. Your combination of skills sets you up for a range of roles in areas such as: accountancy, banking and finance, journalism and management consultancy. Some of the top employers for our graduates include:
The 2024/25 annual tuition fees for this course are:
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For students continuing on this programme, fees will increase year on year by no more than RPI + 3% in each academic year of study except where regulated.*
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Fees for undergraduate students are £1,850.
Fees for undergraduate students are £1,385.
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